I have recently read an interesting article listing the top 200 artists of the 20th century. The artists were voted for by readers over a period of 16 weeks. 1.4 million votes tells me there’s quite an interest in the subject! The list is interesting, and of course, controversial, as the article by Charles Saatchi il
lustrates nicely at the bottom of the page. Of course, the first thing I did was go through all the artists and look if there were any photographers. I wasn’t expecting any, but to my surprise there were quite a few, starting with one of my favourites – Henri Cartier-Bresson. I love his philosophy of the “decisive moment”, although that’s an inaccurate translation. When a photogr apher has a camera in hand, things happen very quickly, however there are specific moments when everything just falls into place, and the skill of the photographer is to be ready, mind, body and soul, to capture that scene. The moment comes and goes in an instant, and everything is lost with any minimal indecision or delay. In Cartier-Bresson’s words “it is putting one’s head, one’s eye, and one’s heart on the same axis.” Although I admire Cartier-Bresson, I was surprised at his popularity and eventual ranking at 35. This tells me that there is no doubt in people’s minds that photography is (or can be) a form of art.
Moving just a few positions down the list, we find possibly one of the most famous female American photographers, who made her mark photographing people at the edge of society. Diane Arbus’s popularity may have been boosted through the recent cinematic interpretation by Nicole Kidman of the eccentric photographer, however, one still needs to recognise that she has certainly given a valid contribution to the world the documentation of an aspect of society which was at the time an unexplored taboo.
Cindy Sherman, at 50th place, has certainly got a unique style of photography. Since she was young, she has turned the camera onto herself, making her by far the main theme of her work. However, she definitely is not into self portraits. Her work is an elaborately made up scene, with one of her characters usually being the subject of the image. To create these, she uses high tech tools such as make-up, prosthetics, and digital scenography. “Sherman uses herself as a vehicle for commentary on a variety of issues of the modern world: the role of the woman, the role of the artist and many more” (ref).
After a considerable gap, we find one of America’s “witnesses of change”. Alfred Stieglitz was there when America changed – when New York transformed itself into an economic giant booming with skyscrapers. His documentation of this change as it was happening is a priceless treasure to humanity. His fellow photographer, Edward Steichen described his work as “like none ever made by any other photographer.” His work also included a number of portraits, most famous are the ones of Georgia O’Keeffe, who was both his wife and a great artist in her own right – in fact she can be found in this same list at the 40th position. Stieglitz was one of the most passionate photographers of the beginning of the century, and he is recognised not only for his photography, but also for the extensive work he has done towards bringing photography to the forefront of the artistic community.
At position 114, we find the most expensive photographer of the moment – Andreas Gursky. He is best known for his enormous prints, sometimes in the form of collages and usually with a very wide point of view. He mainly treats cityscapes and landscapes, although his work is certainly very distinguishing from the work we are accustomed to in these fields. His use of repetitive patterns, combined with the sheer size of his prints, tend to create a sense of dwarfing in the viewer, and thus the complimentary sense of awe towards the images themselves. Andreas Gursky holds the record for the highest selling single print at auction – his print 99 cent II sold for $3,346,456, in February 2007 at a Sotheby’s Auction!
One might be surprised to see a photojournalist in a list of well known artists. However, coming to think of it, photojournalism is in itself a form of art, when the photojournalist treats it as such – and Weegee certainly did. It is the ability to make a statement and portray reality with impact that distinguishes the artist from the photjournalist who simply conveys what everyone else sees. It is also one of the most difficult and challenging of all photographic fields, so by all means, this is art. And Weegee was damn good at it. His work did not only centre around photojournalism. He created a series of portraits using lens distortions, which he called caricatures. “While Weegee’s intent was simply to photograph ‘the soul of the city I knew and loved,’ his unflinching eye set the trend for young, edgy photographers in the 1960s, most notably Diane Arbus who was a great admirer.” (ref)
Finally, we arrive to one of photography’s greatest contributors in terms of written technical knowledge. Ansel Adams remains an inspiration to this day, although in the digital world, things have changed a little. He was also an avid conservationist and a protector of nature – his greatest passion and the subject of the majority of his work. His prints are a total joy to view, and are still very difficultly rivaled by today’s photographers, even though things are arguably much easier with today’s technology. He was a master of the technique, and a pioneer who laid the ground for most of us who followed.
But what is it that makes these photographers stand out amongst the crowd? What is it that makes them artists? These are questions which have got many answers (or none at all). Every one of us will have a personal opinion and definition of art. I certainly subscribe to the philosophy that ”not all artists are artists”, although a comprehensive description of art is somehow difficult to come by, possibly due to its very subjective nature. The best description I have come across is very simple, yet powerful and meaningful. “Art has something to say,” puts all these names, together with the others in the list, into a new perspective. One can easily understand that these artists had something new to offer to the world, whether it be a political statement, the exploration of a new technique, or a recurring emotion. They are all artists who in some way or another left their mark in the world and the artistic community. They all inspired successive generations of artists, and some of them inspired also their contemporaries.
Many people look at photography as a craft – something to use for mainly commercial purposes. However, it is clear that these people have used photography as their chosen means to express their art. Cindy Sherman, for example, started studying painting, but turned to photography because she found it a better and more effective medium to convey what she wanted to express. Turning full circle, however, we end up back at the photographer – it is the photographer who needs to consider him or herself an artist before anyone else will. As photographers, we must decide what we have to say, and then use photography to say it. This is obviously easier said than done. I, for one, struggle often to find a direction, and I am starting to think that I never will really stop looking for one. Then again, that is how artists evolve, isn’t it? All I know is that I need to keep looking. Although it can sometimes feel like an impossible task, it helps to read about these great artists, and how difficult their struggle often was. It puts things into perspective.
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